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Government-backed business loans

What is a government-backed business loan?

A government-backed business loan is ordinary commercial lending where the government guarantees part of the lender's loss if the borrower defaults. The critical point, and the one most often misunderstood, is that the guarantee protects the lender, not you: the borrower remains fully liable for the whole debt. The schemes exist to make lenders willing to approve businesses they would otherwise decline, not to reduce what the borrower owes.

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How it works

  1. 01 The business applies to a commercial lender accredited under the relevant government scheme, through the normal lending process rather than a separate government application.
  2. 02 The lender assesses the application exactly as it would any commercial loan, on trading history, cash flow and affordability, because the guarantee does not remove that underwriting.
  3. 03 Where the lender would otherwise decline or hesitate, the government guarantee covers a portion of the lender's loss if the loan defaults, making approval more likely.
  4. 04 Funds are drawn and repaid on the agreed schedule like any other commercial loan, and the borrower remains liable for the full amount throughout, guarantee or not.

What lenders typically look for

What to watch for

The guarantee exists to protect the lender, not the business. If the loan cannot be repaid, the guarantee lets the lender recover part of its loss from the government, but the borrower is not released from the debt and remains fully liable for the whole amount, including in many cases under a personal guarantee to the lender as well. Treat scheme-backed lending with exactly the seriousness of any other commercial loan, not as a softer or more forgiving form of borrowing. Scheme terms change: the Growth Guarantee Scheme replaced the Recovery Loan Scheme and its limits have been revised since. Check the current position on the British Business Bank site before applying, and see our Growth Guarantee Scheme guide for the detail.

Lenders on our panel

Lender Facility size Published rate Minimum trading
Aldermore Bank £2k–£10m 4.5%–20% 12+ months for most products
Allica Bank £25k–£15m 9.90%–13.75% 3+ years of filed accounts for unsecured business loans; 2+ years of financial accounts for commercial mortgages
Bibby Financial Services £50k–£15m 1%–3% 6+ months preferred; startups with strong order books considered
Bizcap £10k–£500k 1.5%–5% At least 4 months
Capify £4k–£500k 1.1–1.5 4+ months for merchant cash advance; 6+ months for business loan
Capital on Tap £1k–£250k 1.25%–3% 12+ months
Close Brothers £10k–£5m 5%–18% 24+ months
Cynergy Business Finance £200k–£40m Not published Not publicly stated by Cynergy Business Finance. Eligibility appears to be assessed on the strength of the underlying receivables, stock, property or other assets on a per-business basis rather than against a published minimum years-trading threshold.
Fleximize £5k–£500k 0.9%–3.9% 6+ months
Funding Circle £10k–£500k 6.9%–36% 1+ year
Investec £5k–£100m Not published Not publicly stated. Investec assesses each business individually rather than publishing a minimum trading history requirement.
iwoca £1k–£500k 2%–6% 3+ months
Kriya £50k–£1m Not published Minimum 12 months trading with at least one set of financial accounts filed for invoice finance and working capital loans. Kriya's PayLater product has a lower minimum of 3 months trading.
LendingCrowd £25k–£500k 6%–18% 24+ months
Nucleus Commercial Finance £3k–£2m 1.5%–5% 6+ months
OakNorth Bank Not published Not published No fixed minimum published; trading history is one of several factors assessed case-by-case
Paragon Bank £5k–£1m Not published Not publicly stated; assessed as part of underwriting.
Shawbrook Bank £50k–£25m 0.55%–1.25% 12+ months preferred; none required for property-backed bridging
Start Up Loans £1k–£25k 7.5%–7.5% For start-ups: no trading history required. For existing businesses: must have been trading less than 60 months
ThinCats £1m–£30m Not published Not stated as a fixed minimum number of years; ThinCats lends to established mid-sized SMEs rather than start-ups or very early-stage businesses.
Tide £1k–£500k 7.9%–49.9% 12+ months for credit products; account available from day one
White Oak UK £5k–£500k Not published Not publicly stated; assessed as part of underwriting.

As published by each lender and dated on its own page. Indicative, not offers.

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Frequently asked questions

Does a government guarantee mean I don't have to repay the loan?
No. This is the most common misunderstanding of how these schemes work. The government guarantee is an arrangement between the government and the lender, covering part of the lender's loss if the business defaults. It does nothing to reduce what the borrower owes. The business remains fully liable for the entire loan, and the lender will still pursue repayment, including through any personal guarantee attached to the facility, exactly as it would on a loan with no government backing at all. The guarantee exists to make the lender more willing to approve the loan in the first place, not to soften the consequences of non-payment afterwards.
Is a government-backed loan easier to get than a normal business loan?
It can be, but the lender still underwrites the application in full. The guarantee changes the lender's risk calculation, since part of any loss is covered, which can tip a marginal application towards approval where it might otherwise have been declined. It does not remove the need for the business to demonstrate it can afford the repayments from trading income, and a business assessed as unable to service the debt will still be turned down, guarantee or not. The scheme widens who gets approved at the margin; it does not replace normal commercial underwriting.
Do I still need a personal guarantee on a government-backed loan?
Often yes, depending on the lender and the size of the facility. The government guarantee sits between the lender and the government and does not prevent the lender from also asking the borrower for a personal guarantee, particularly on larger facilities. Where both exist, the personal guarantee and the government guarantee cover different things: the personal guarantee protects the lender against the director directly, while the government guarantee covers part of the lender's own loss. It is worth asking any lender offering scheme-backed finance directly whether a personal guarantee is also required, rather than assuming the government backing replaces it.
Which lenders offer government-backed business loans?
Only lenders accredited under the specific scheme can offer it, which in practice means a defined panel of banks and alternative lenders rather than every commercial lender in the market. Accreditation and the schemes themselves change over time, so the current list and the scheme rules in force are best checked directly on the British Business Bank or gov.uk website rather than assumed from an older source. Applying is done through the accredited lender's normal commercial lending process, not through a separate government application, and the lender makes its own independent decision on whether to approve the loan.
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