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What is a commercial mortgage?

Written by the Lendus editorial team · Last updated: April 2026

In short

A commercial mortgage is a long-term loan secured against a commercial property — such as an office, warehouse, retail unit, or mixed-use building. They're used either to purchase the property or to release equity from property you already own. Terms typically run from 5 to 25 years, with deposits of 25–40% required.

What Is a Commercial Mortgage?

A commercial mortgage is a long-term lending product secured against a commercial property. Like a residential mortgage, the lender takes a legal charge over the property — meaning they can enforce a sale if you default on payments. Unlike a residential mortgage, the assessment focuses on the property’s commercial income potential and the borrower’s business finances, not personal salary.

Commercial mortgages in the UK are used for two broad purposes:

  1. Purchase — buying a property to trade from (owner-occupied) or to let to tenants (investment)
  2. Refinance — releasing equity from a property you already own, or replacing existing finance on better terms

Types of Commercial Mortgage

Owner-Occupied Commercial Mortgage

The most common type. Your business buys a property to trade from — an office, workshop, warehouse, or retail unit. The lender assesses:

  • The business’s ability to service the debt from trading income
  • The property’s open market value
  • Whether the business is viable enough to maintain payments through a downturn

Key benefit: You build equity over time rather than paying rent to a landlord, and the mortgage payment may be lower than equivalent market rent. Any capital growth belongs to you.

Commercial Investment Mortgage (Buy-to-Let Commercial)

Used to purchase commercial property that is let (or will be let) to business tenants. The lender assesses:

  • The current or projected rental income
  • The tenant covenant strength
  • Remaining lease length
  • The property’s investment yield and demand from other tenants

Stress tests typically require rent to cover the mortgage payment by 125–150% at the stressed (higher) rate.

Semi-Commercial Mortgage

For mixed-use properties with both commercial and residential elements — a shop with a flat above, a pub with a manager’s flat, or a mixed retail/residential building. These are assessed differently from pure commercial or pure residential, and attract a specific lender pool. Rates are generally slightly higher than pure commercial of equivalent quality.

Commercial Re-Mortgage / Equity Release

Releasing capital from a property you own (with or without an existing mortgage) to fund business growth, capital expenditure, or acquisition. The lender takes a first charge and advances a percentage of the current market value, less any existing mortgage.

Current Commercial Mortgage Rates

As of early 2026 (base rate 4.5%):

Property TypeLTVRate Range
Owner-occupied office/industrial65%5.5–6.5%
Commercial investment (strong covenant)65%6.0–7.0%
Semi-commercial70%6.5–8.0%
Hospitality/leisure60%7.0–9.0%

Rates are available on a fixed (typically 2, 3, or 5 year fixed) or variable (base rate tracker) basis.

Deposit Requirements

Property TypeTypical LTV CapMinimum Deposit
Owner-occupied standard75%25%
Commercial investment65–70%30–35%
Semi-commercial65–70%30–35%
Hospitality/specialist55–65%35–45%

Lenders will sometimes consider cross-charging additional properties to reduce the effective deposit requirement. A borrower putting up a second property as additional security may access higher LTV on the primary property.

How the Application Process Works

Step 1 — Initial discussion and DIP (1–2 days) Provide basic details: property address, type and value, loan amount required, business accounts, and intended use. The lender or broker can usually provide a Decision in Principle within 24–72 hours.

Step 2 — Formal application (Days 1–7) Submit formal application with full documentation: 2–3 years of accounts (company and/or personal), bank statements, lease documents (for investment), personal and business credit information.

Step 3 — Valuation (Days 5–15) The lender commissions an independent RICS valuation of the property. For standard commercial property, this typically takes 1–2 weeks. Specialist or larger assets take longer.

Step 4 — Credit committee decision (Days 10–21) The lender’s credit team reviews the full case. For mainstream banks, this may go to a credit committee; specialist and challenger banks often have more streamlined decision-making.

Step 5 — Legal work (Days 14–35) Both sets of solicitors complete title investigation, searches, and documentation. The lender’s solicitor prepares the mortgage deed. For investment property, tenant and lease review adds to the timeline.

Step 6 — Completion Funds are released and the legal charge is registered at Companies House and Land Registry.

What Documents You’ll Need

  • Last 2–3 years of company accounts (full, not abbreviated)
  • Last 2–3 years of self-assessment tax returns (for directors/sole traders)
  • 6 months of business bank statements
  • Details of the property (agent particulars, existing lease schedule if investment)
  • Details of any existing mortgages or loans on the property
  • Proof of identity and address for all directors/shareholders with 25%+ ownership
  • Business plan (for newer businesses or more complex cases)

Costs to Budget For

CostTypical Amount
Arrangement fee1–2% of loan
Valuation fee£1,000–£5,000+
Legal fees (both sides)£3,000–£10,000
Broker fee0–1.5% (sometimes paid by lender)
Stamp Duty Land Tax5% on commercial property above £150,000 (non-residential rates)
Survey/building report£500–£3,000 depending on age and type

On a £600,000 commercial mortgage, setup costs are typically £15,000–£30,000 before you consider SDLT.

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Frequently asked questions

What types of property can be purchased with a commercial mortgage?
Commercial mortgages can be used for offices, industrial units, warehouses, retail shops, restaurants, hotels, guest houses, medical practices, dental surgeries, care homes, petrol stations, pubs, schools, and mixed-use properties (such as a shop with a flat above). The lender's appetite varies significantly by property type — mainstream banks prefer standard offices and warehouses, while specialist lenders are needed for hospitality, care, and specialist retail.
How is a commercial mortgage different from a residential mortgage?
Commercial mortgages are assessed primarily on the property's commercial value and income (or the business's trading income for owner-occupied loans), rather than the borrower's personal income as with residential mortgages. Commercial mortgage rates are typically 1–3% higher than equivalent residential rates, LTV limits are lower (usually 65–75%), and the underwriting process is more bespoke — there is no standard 'mortgage calculator' equivalent.
Can I get a commercial mortgage in an SPV or limited company?
Yes. Many commercial property investors purchase through a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) — a limited company set up specifically to hold the property. SPV lending is offered by most commercial mortgage lenders, though it narrows the pool compared to personal name borrowing. Some lenders require the directors to provide personal guarantees. Interest rates are broadly similar to personal name lending for straightforward cases.
What is the maximum LTV on a commercial mortgage?
Most commercial mortgage lenders cap at 70–75% LTV for owner-occupied property and 65–70% for investment property. Going above 70% LTV significantly reduces the available lender pool and pushes rates higher. Very specialist or high-risk assets (hospitality, petrol stations) may only attract 55–60% LTV. Some lenders will consider cross-charging additional properties to increase the overall loan available.
How long does a commercial mortgage application take?
Commercial mortgage applications typically take 4–8 weeks from application to completion. The main variables are valuation scheduling (1–2 weeks for most commercial properties), legal due diligence (1–3 weeks), and lender credit committee processing (1–2 weeks). Complex structures, multi-let properties, or specialist assets can take 10–16 weeks. Having all documents ready and using a lender familiar with your property type speeds things up considerably.

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